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Since its inception in 2012, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has undergone significant development, driven by contributions from major vendors and open communities. However, NFV remained in an immature stage due to a lack of common deployment models and specified guidelines. Recently, with the advent of 5G networks, which heavily rely on NFV and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) technologies, telecom providers and leading network solution vendors have begun testing NFV-based 5G networks. So, now let us see Virtual Machines or Containers which one to Choose the Best for NFV Infrastructure along with Smart Best wireless site survey software, site survey tools for wireless networks & Indoor cellular coverage walk testing tool and Smart LTE RF drive test tools in telecom & RF drive test software in telecom in detail.

Initially, NFV deployments predominantly utilized virtual machines to host Virtual Network Functions (VNFs). However, as NFV evolved into a crucial technology for 5G networks, the demand for large-scale deployment with agility, portability, scalability, and automation increased. This is where container technology emerged as a solution, offering numerous benefits to NFV infrastructure.

Virtualization, a traditional and proven technology, has brought significant innovation to data center operations. However, for telecom providers venturing into 5G networks powered by NFV, traditional virtual machine deployments proved insufficient to meet the scale and agility demands. With high requirements for low latency and quick service launches to support advanced technologies like machine learning, real-time analytics, autonomous vehicles, and virtual reality, a different approach to software virtualization was needed.

Let’s delve into the features offered by both virtual machines and containers and compare them in the context of NFV use cases:

Resource Overheads: Virtual machines require a hypervisor and guest OS for each instance, leading to higher resource utilization. In contrast, containers leverage OS-level virtualization, resulting in lower resource consumption and the ability to run multiple isolated VNFs on a single server.

Faster Deployment & Portability: Containers, with their lightweight nature and minimalistic packaging, offer faster deployment and greater portability compared to virtual machines, enabling telecom providers to launch new services quickly.

Security: While virtual machines provide stronger isolation at the system level, recent advancements in container security solutions like SELinux and AppArmor have made container-based VNFs more secure.

Scalability: Containers excel in autoscaling, allowing resources to be dynamically allocated based on demand, ensuring consistent service delivery.

Resiliency: Container-based VNFs are easier to debug and replace in case of failures, thanks to the self-healing features provided by container orchestration engines like Kubernetes.

Agility: Containers enable faster and more dynamic service launches and upgrades compared to virtual machines, making them ideal for telecom providers seeking agility in service delivery.

The cloud-native approach, characterized by microservices architecture and continuous integration and deployment (CI/CD), offers further advantages in NFV deployments. By decomposing VNFs into microservices hosted within containers, telecom providers can achieve greater agility and scalability in service delivery.

In terms of deployment models, a hybrid approach combining both virtual machines and containers seems most practical for current NFV infrastructures. This approach allows for flexibility in deploying VNFs while mitigating compatibility issues and leveraging the benefits of both technologies.

In conclusion, while virtual machines have been the go-to choice for NFV deployments in the past, containers offer compelling advantages in terms of resource efficiency, deployment speed, scalability, and agility. As telecom providers embrace the transition to 5G networks powered by NFV, container-based VNF deployments are poised to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of network infrastructure.